(523692) 2014 EZ51 is classified as a near-Earth object (NEO) and more specifically, it is an Apollo-type asteroid. Apollo asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids whose orbits cross that of Earth's. The designation "523692" is its number in the minor planet catalog, and "2014 EZ51" refers to the specific designation given to it when it was discovered, indicating that it was identified in the year 2014.
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